Important Selenium Commands
|
Command
|
Usage
|
Description
|
|
start()
|
selenium.start();
|
Launches the browser with a new Selenium session
|
|
stop()
|
selenium.stop();
|
Ends the current Selenium testing session (normally killing the
browser)
|
|
click()
|
selenium.click("link=Home");
selenium.click("name=send");
|
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click
action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call
waitForPageToLoad.
|
|
doubleClick()
|
|
Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If
the double click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does),
call waitForPageToLoad.
|
|
type()
|
selenium.type("name=login[username]",
ndasam);
|
Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in. Can
also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc. In these
cases, value should be the value of the option selected, not the visible
text.
|
|
check()
|
Check(
string locator );
selenium.check
("guest”);
|
Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
|
|
uncheck()
|
Uncheck(
string locator ); |
Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
|
|
select()
|
selenium.select("payware_expiration_yr",
"label=2010”);
|
Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.
|
|
|
|
|
Selenium Reference
Concepts
A command
is what tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three 'flavors': Actions,
Accessors and Assertions. Each command call is one line in the
test table of the form:
|
command
|
target
|
value
|
Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the
application. They do things like "click this link" and "select
that option". If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the
current test is stopped.
Many Actions can be called with the
"AndWait" suffix, e.g. "clickAndWait". This suffix tells
Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server,
and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.
Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in
variables, e.g. "storeTitle". They are also used to automatically
generate Assertions.
Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the
application conforms to what is expected. Examples include "make sure the
page title is X" and "verify that this checkbox is checked".
All Selenium Assertions can be used in
3 modes: "assert", "verify", and "waitFor". For
example, you can "assertText", "verifyText" and
"waitForText". When an "assert" fails, the test is aborted.
When a "verify" fails, the test will continue execution, logging the
failure. This allows a single "assert" to ensure that the application
is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of "verify" assertions to
test form field values, labels, etc.
"waitFor" commands wait for
some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax
applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true.
However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true
within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).
Element Locators tell Selenium which HTML element a command refers to. Many
commands require an Element Locator as the "target" attribute. Examples
of Element Locators include "elementId" and
"document.forms[0].element". These are described more clearly in the
next section.
Patterns are used for various reasons, e.g. to specify the expected value
of an input field, or identify a select option. Selenium supports various types
of pattern, including regular-expressions, all of which are described in more
detail below.
Defines an object that runs Selenium commands.
Element Locators tell Selenium which
HTML element a command refers to. The format of a locator is:
locatorType=argument
We support the following strategies
for locating elements:
- identifier=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute. If no match is found, select the first element whose @name attribute is id. (This is normally the default; see below.)
- id=id: Select the element with the specified @id attribute.
- name=name: Select the first element with the specified @name attribute.
- username
- name=username
The name may optionally be followed by
one or more element-filters, separated from the name by whitespace. If
the filterType is not specified, value is assumed.
- name=flavour value=chocolate
- dom=javascriptExpression: Find an element by evaluating the specified string. This allows you to traverse the HTML Document Object Model using JavaScript. Note that you must not return a value in this string; simply make it the last expression in the block.
- dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown
- dom=document.images[56]
- dom=function foo() { return document.links[1]; }; foo();
- xpath=xpathExpression: Locate an element using an XPath expression.
- xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']
- xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]
- xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]
- xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]/@class
- xpath=(//table[@class='stylee'])//th[text()='theHeaderText']/../td
- xpath=//input[@name='name2' and @value='yes']
- xpath=//*[text()="right"]
- link=textPattern: Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching the specified pattern.
- link=The link text
- css=cssSelectorSyntax: Select the element using css selectors. Please refer to CSS2 selectors, CSS3 selectors for more information. You can also check the TestCssLocators test in the selenium test suite for an example of usage, which is included in the downloaded selenium core package.
- css=a[href="#id3"]
- css=span#firstChild + span
Currently the css selector locator
supports all css1, css2 and css3 selectors except namespace in css3, some
pseudo classes(:nth-of-type, :nth-last-of-type, :first-of-type, :last-of-type,
:only-of-type, :visited, :hover, :active, :focus, :indeterminate) and pseudo
elements(::first-line, ::first-letter, ::selection, ::before, ::after).
- ui=uiSpecifierString: Locate an element by resolving the UI specifier string to another locator, and evaluating it. See the Selenium UI-Element Reference for more details.
- ui=loginPages::loginButton()
- ui=settingsPages::toggle(label=Hide Email)
- ui=forumPages::postBody(index=2)//a[2]
Without an explicit locator prefix,
Selenium uses the following default strategies:
- dom, for locators starting with "document."
- xpath, for locators starting with "//"
- identifier, otherwise
Element filters can be used with a
locator to refine a list of candidate elements. They are currently used only in
the 'name' element-locator.
Filters look much like locators, ie.
filterType=argument
Supported element-filters are:
value=valuePattern
Matches elements based on their values. This is particularly
useful for refining a list of similarly-named toggle-buttons.
index=index
Selects a single element based on its position in the list (offset
from zero).
Various Pattern syntaxes are available
for matching string values:
- glob:pattern: Match a string against a "glob" (aka "wildmat") pattern. "Glob" is a kind of limited regular-expression syntax typically used in command-line shells. In a glob pattern, "*" represents any sequence of characters, and "?" represents any single character. Glob patterns match against the entire string.
- regexp:regexp: Match a string using a regular-expression. The full power of JavaScript regular-expressions is available.
- regexpi:regexpi: Match a string using a case-insensitive regular-expression.
- exact:string: Match a string exactly, verbatim, without any of that fancy wildcard stuff.
If no pattern prefix is specified,
Selenium assumes that it's a "glob" pattern.
For commands that return multiple
values (such as verifySelectOptions), the string being matched is a
comma-separated list of the return values, where both commas and backslashes in
the values are backslash-escaped. When providing a pattern, the optional
matching syntax (i.e. glob, regexp, etc.) is specified once, as usual, at the
beginning of the pattern.
Defines a new function for Selenium to locate elements on the
page. For example, if you define the strategy "foo", and someone runs
click("foo=blah"), we'll run your function, passing you the string
"blah", and click on the element that your function returns, or throw
an "Element not found" error if your function returns null. We'll
pass three arguments to your function:
·
locator: the string the user passed in
·
inWindow: the currently selected
window
·
inDocument: the currently selected
document
The function must return null if the element can't be found.
Arguments:
·
strategyName - the name of the
strategy to define; this should use only letters [a-zA-Z] with no spaces or
other punctuation.
·
functionDefinition - a string defining
the body of a function in JavaScript. For example: return
inDocument.getElementById(locator);
Loads script content into a new script tag in the Selenium
document. This differs from the runScript command in that runScript adds the
script tag to the document of the AUT, not the Selenium document. The following
entities in the script content are replaced by the characters they represent:
< > & The corresponding remove command is removeScript.
Arguments:
·
scriptContent - the Javascript content
of the script to add
·
scriptTagId - (optional) the id of the
new script tag. If specified, and an element with this id already exists, this
operation will fail.
Add a selection to the set of selected options in a multi-select
element using an option locator. @see #doSelect for details of option locators
Arguments:
·
optionLocator - an option locator (a
label by default)
Specifies whether Selenium should use the native in-browser
implementation of XPath (if any native version is available); if you pass
"false" to this function, we will always use our pure-JavaScript
xpath library. Using the pure-JS xpath library can improve the consistency of
xpath element locators between different browser vendors, but the pure-JS
version is much slower than the native implementations.
Arguments:
·
allow - boolean, true means we'll
prefer to use native XPath; false means we'll only use JS XPath
Press the alt key and hold it down until doAltUp() is called or a
new page is loaded.
Release the alt key.
Instructs Selenium to return the specified answer string in
response to the next JavaScript prompt [window.prompt()].
Arguments:
·
answer - the answer to give in
response to the prompt pop-up
Temporarily sets the "id" attribute of the specified
element, so you can locate it in the future using its ID rather than a
slow/complicated XPath. This ID will disappear once the page is reloaded.
Arguments:
·
identifier - a string to be used as
the ID of the specified element
Halt the currently running test, and wait for the user to press
the Continue button. This command is useful for debugging, but be careful when
using it, because it will force automated tests to hang until a user intervenes
manually.
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG
file. Contrast this with the captureScreenshot command, which captures the
contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is currently being displayed on the
monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only works in
Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL
"Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from
the Screengrab! Firefox extension. Please see http://www.screengrab.org and
http://snapsie.sourceforge.net/ for details.
Arguments:
·
filename - the path to the file to
persist the screenshot as. No filename extension will be appended by default.
Directories will not be created if they do not exist, and an exception will be
thrown, possibly by native code.
·
kwargs - a kwargs string that modifies
the way the screenshot is captured. Example: "background=#CCFFDD" .
Currently valid options:
background
the background CSS for the HTML document. This may be useful to
set for capturing screenshots of less-than-ideal layouts, for example where absolute
positioning causes the calculation of the canvas dimension to fail and a black
background is exposed (possibly obscuring black text).
Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
Arguments:
By default, Selenium's overridden
window.confirm() function will return true, as if the user had manually clicked
OK; after running this command, the next call to confirm() will return false,
as if the user had clicked Cancel. Selenium will then resume using the default
behavior for future confirmations, automatically returning true (OK)
unless/until you explicitly call this command for each confirmation.
Take note - every time a confirmation
comes up, you must consume it with a corresponding getConfirmation, or else the
next selenium operation will fail.
Undo the effect of calling
chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation. Note that Selenium's overridden
window.confirm() function will normally automatically return true, as if the
user had manually clicked OK, so you shouldn't need to use this command unless
for some reason you need to change your mind prior to the next confirmation.
After any confirmation, Selenium will resume using the default behavior for
future confirmations, automatically returning true (OK) unless/until you
explicitly call chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation for each confirmation.
Take note - every time a confirmation
comes up, you must consume it with a corresponding getConfirmation, or else the
next selenium operation will fail.
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click
action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call
waitForPageToLoad.
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click
action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call waitForPageToLoad.
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Simulates the user clicking the "close" button in the
titlebar of a popup window or tab.
Simulates opening the context menu for the specified element (as
might happen if the user "right-clicked" on the element).
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
Simulates opening the context menu for the specified element (as
might happen if the user "right-clicked" on the element).
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Press the control key and hold it down until doControlUp() is
called or a new page is loaded.
Release the control key.
Create a new cookie whose path and domain are same with those of
current page under test, unless you specified a path for this cookie
explicitly.
Arguments:
·
nameValuePair - name and value of the
cookie in a format "name=value"
·
optionsString - options for the
cookie. Currently supported options include 'path', 'max_age' and 'domain'. the
optionsString's format is "path=/path/, max_age=60, domain=.foo.com".
The order of options are irrelevant, the unit of the value of 'max_age' is
second. Note that specifying a domain that isn't a subset of the current domain
will usually fail.
Calls deleteCookie with recurse=true on all cookies visible to the
current page. As noted on the documentation for deleteCookie, recurse=true can
be much slower than simply deleting the cookies using a known domain/path.
Delete a named cookie with specified path and domain. Be careful;
to delete a cookie, you need to delete it using the exact same path and domain
that were used to create the cookie. If the path is wrong, or the domain is
wrong, the cookie simply won't be deleted. Also note that specifying a domain
that isn't a subset of the current domain will usually fail. Since there's no
way to discover at runtime the original path and domain of a given cookie,
we've added an option called 'recurse' to try all sub-domains of the current
domain with all paths that are a subset of the current path. Beware; this
option can be slow. In big-O notation, it operates in O(n*m) time, where n is
the number of dots in the domain name and m is the number of slashes in the
path.
Arguments:
·
name - the name of the cookie to be
deleted
·
optionsString - options for the
cookie. Currently supported options include 'path', 'domain' and 'recurse.' The
optionsString's format is "path=/path/, domain=.foo.com,
recurse=true". The order of options are irrelevant. Note that specifying a
domain that isn't a subset of the current domain will usually fail.
Selects the main window. Functionally equivalent to using selectWindow()
and specifying no value for windowID.
Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the
double click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call
waitForPageToLoad.
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
Doubleclicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the
action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call
waitForPageToLoad.
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Drags an element a certain distance and then drops it
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
·
movementsString - offset in pixels
from the current location to which the element should be moved, e.g.,
"+70,-300"
Drags an element and drops it on another element
Arguments:
·
locatorOfObjectToBeDragged - an
element to be dragged
·
locatorOfDragDestinationObject - an
element whose location (i.e., whose center-most pixel) will be the point where
locatorOfObjectToBeDragged is dropped
deprecated - use dragAndDrop instead
Arguments:
·
locator - an element locator
·
movementsString - offset in pixels
from the current location to which the element should be moved, e.g.,
"+70,-300"
Prints the specified message into the third table cell in your
Selenese tables. Useful for debugging.
Arguments:
·
message - the message to print
Explicitly simulate an event, to trigger the corresponding
"onevent" handler.
Arguments:
·
eventName - the event name, e.g.
"focus" or "blur"
Move the focus to the specified element; for example, if the
element is an input field, move the cursor to that field.
Arguments:
Simulates the user clicking the "back" button on their
browser.
Briefly changes the backgroundColor of the specified element
yellow. Useful for debugging.
Arguments:
Specifies whether Selenium will ignore xpath attributes that have
no value, i.e. are the empty string, when using the non-native xpath evaluation
engine. You'd want to do this for performance reasons in IE. However, this
could break certain xpaths, for example an xpath that looks for an attribute
whose value is NOT the empty string. The hope is that such xpaths are
relatively rare, but the user should have the option of using them. Note that
this only influences xpath evaluation when using the ajaxslt engine (i.e. not
"javascript-xpath").
Arguments:
·
ignore - boolean, true means we'll
ignore attributes without value at the expense of xpath
"correctness"; false means we'll sacrifice speed for correctness.
Simulates a user pressing a key (without releasing it yet).
Arguments:
·
keySequence - Either be a string("\"
followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the ASCII
value of that key), or a single character. For example: "w",
"\119".
Simulates a user pressing and releasing a key.
Arguments:
·
keySequence - Either be a
string("\" followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed,
normally the ASCII value of that key), or a single character. For example:
"w", "\119".
Simulates a user releasing a key.
Arguments:
·
keySequence - Either be a
string("\" followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed,
normally the ASCII value of that key), or a single character. For example:
"w", "\119".
Press the meta key and hold it down until doMetaUp() is called or
a new page is loaded.
Release the meta key.
Simulates a user pressing the left mouse button (without releasing
it yet) on the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates a user pressing the left mouse button (without releasing
it yet) at the specified location.
Arguments:
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Simulates a user pressing the right mouse button (without
releasing it yet) on the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates a user pressing the right mouse button (without
releasing it yet) at the specified location.
Arguments:
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it
yet) on the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it
yet) on the specified element.
Arguments:
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Simulates a user moving the mouse pointer away from the specified
element.
Arguments:
Simulates a user hovering a mouse over the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates the event that occurs when the user releases the mouse button
(i.e., stops holding the button down) on the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates the event that occurs when the user releases the mouse
button (i.e., stops holding the button down) at the specified location.
Arguments:
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Simulates the event that occurs when the user releases the right
mouse button (i.e., stops holding the button down) on the specified element.
Arguments:
Simulates the event that occurs when the user releases the right
mouse button (i.e., stops holding the button down) at the specified location.
Arguments:
·
coordString - specifies the x,y
position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by
the locator.
Opens an URL in the test frame. This accepts both relative and
absolute URLs. The "open" command waits for the page to load before
proceeding, ie. the "AndWait" suffix is implicit. Note: The
URL must be on the same domain as the runner HTML due to security restrictions
in the browser (Same Origin Policy). If you need to open an URL on another
domain, use the Selenium Server to start a new browser session on that domain.
Arguments:
·
url - the URL to open; may be relative
or absolute
Opens a popup window (if a window with that ID isn't already
open). After opening the window, you'll need to select it using the selectWindow
command.
This command can also be a useful
workaround for bug SEL-339. In some cases, Selenium will be unable to intercept
a call to window.open (if the call occurs during or before the
"onLoad" event, for example). In those cases, you can force Selenium
to notice the open window's name by using the Selenium openWindow command,
using an empty (blank) url, like this: openWindow("",
"myFunnyWindow").
Arguments:
·
url - the URL to open, which can be
blank
·
windowID - the JavaScript window ID of
the window to select
Wait for the specified amount of time (in milliseconds)
Arguments:
·
waitTime - the amount of time to sleep
(in milliseconds)
Simulates the user clicking the "Refresh" button on
their browser.
Unselects all of the selected options in a multi-select element.
Arguments:
Removes a script tag from the Selenium document identified by the
given id. Does nothing if the referenced tag doesn't exist.
Arguments:
·
scriptTagId - the id of the script
element to remove.
Remove a selection from the set of selected options in a
multi-select element using an option locator. @see #doSelect for details of
option locators
Arguments:
·
optionLocator - an option locator (a
label by default)
Executes a command rollup, which is a series of commands with a
unique name, and optionally arguments that control the generation of the set of
commands. If any one of the rolled-up commands fails, the rollup is considered
to have failed. Rollups may also contain nested rollups.
Arguments:
·
rollupName - the name of the rollup
command
·
kwargs - keyword arguments string that
influences how the rollup expands into commands
Creates a new "script" tag in the body of the current
test window, and adds the specified text into the body of the command. Scripts
run in this way can often be debugged more easily than scripts executed using
Selenium's "getEval" command. Beware that JS exceptions thrown in
these script tags aren't managed by Selenium, so you should probably wrap your
script in try/catch blocks if there is any chance that the script will throw an
exception.
Arguments:
·
script - the JavaScript snippet to run
Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.
Option locators provide different ways
of specifying options of an HTML Select element (e.g. for selecting a specific
option, or for asserting that the selected option satisfies a specification).
There are several forms of Select Option Locator.
·
label=labelPattern: matches options based on their labels, i.e.
the visible text. (This is the default.)
o
label=regexp:^[Oo]ther
·
value=valuePattern: matches options based on their values.
o
value=other
·
id=id: matches options based on their ids.
o
id=option1
·
index=index: matches an option based on its index (offset from
zero).
o
index=2
If no option locator prefix is
provided, the default behaviour is to match on label.
Arguments:
·
optionLocator - an option locator (a
label by default)
Selects a frame within the current window. (You may invoke this
command multiple times to select nested frames.) To select the parent frame,
use "relative=parent" as a locator; to select the top frame, use
"relative=top". You can also select a frame by its 0-based index
number; select the first frame with "index=0", or the third frame
with "index=2".
You may also use a DOM expression to
identify the frame you want directly, like this: dom=frames["main"].frames["subframe"]
Arguments:
Simplifies the process of selecting a popup window (and does not
offer functionality beyond what selectWindow() already provides).
·
If windowID is either not specified,
or specified as "null", the first non-top window is selected. The top
window is the one that would be selected by selectWindow() without providing a windowID
. This should not be used when more than one popup window is in play.
·
Otherwise, the window will be looked
up considering windowID as the following in order: 1) the "name" of
the window, as specified to window.open(); 2) a javascript variable which is a
reference to a window; and 3) the title of the window. This is the same ordered
lookup performed by selectWindow .
Arguments:
·
windowID - an identifier for the popup
window, which can take on a number of different meanings
Selects a popup window using a window locator; once a popup window
has been selected, all commands go to that window. To select the main window
again, use null as the target.
Window locators provide different ways
of specifying the window object: by title, by internal JavaScript
"name," or by JavaScript variable.
·
title=My Special Window: Finds the window using the text that
appears in the title bar. Be careful; two windows can share the same title. If
that happens, this locator will just pick one.
·
name=myWindow: Finds the window using its internal JavaScript
"name" property. This is the second parameter "windowName"
passed to the JavaScript method window.open(url, windowName, windowFeatures,
replaceFlag) (which Selenium intercepts).
·
var=variableName: Some pop-up windows are unnamed (anonymous),
but are associated with a JavaScript variable name in the current application
window, e.g. "window.foo = window.open(url);". In those cases, you
can open the window using "var=foo".
If no window locator prefix is
provided, we'll try to guess what you mean like this:
1.) if windowID is null, (or the
string "null") then it is assumed the user is referring to the
original window instantiated by the browser).
2.) if the value of the "windowID"
parameter is a JavaScript variable name in the current application window, then
it is assumed that this variable contains the return value from a call to the
JavaScript window.open() method.
3.) Otherwise, selenium looks in a
hash it maintains that maps string names to window "names".
4.) If that fails, we'll try
looping over all of the known windows to try to find the appropriate
"title". Since "title" is not necessarily unique, this may
have unexpected behavior.
If you're having trouble figuring out
the name of a window that you want to manipulate, look at the Selenium log
messages which identify the names of windows created via window.open (and
therefore intercepted by Selenium). You will see messages like the following
for each window as it is opened:
debug: window.open call intercepted;
window ID (which you can use with selectWindow()) is "myNewWindow"
In some cases, Selenium will be unable
to intercept a call to window.open (if the call occurs during or before the
"onLoad" event, for example). (This is bug SEL-339.) In those cases,
you can force Selenium to notice the open window's name by using the Selenium
openWindow command, using an empty (blank) url, like this:
openWindow("", "myFunnyWindow").
Arguments:
·
windowID - the JavaScript window ID of
the window to select
Sets the threshold for browser-side logging messages; log messages
beneath this threshold will be discarded. Valid logLevel strings are:
"debug", "info", "warn", "error" or
"off". To see the browser logs, you need to either show the log
window in GUI mode, or enable browser-side logging in Selenium RC.
Arguments:
·
logLevel - one of the following:
"debug", "info", "warn", "error" or
"off"
Moves the text cursor to the specified position in the given input
element or textarea. This method will fail if the specified element isn't an
input element or textarea.
Arguments:
·
position - the numerical position of
the cursor in the field; position should be 0 to move the position to the
beginning of the field. You can also set the cursor to -1 to move it to the end
of the field.
Configure the number of pixels between "mousemove"
events during dragAndDrop commands (default=10).
Setting this value to 0 means that
we'll send a "mousemove" event to every single pixel in between the
start location and the end location; that can be very slow, and may cause some
browsers to force the JavaScript to timeout.
If the mouse speed is greater than the
distance between the two dragged objects, we'll just send one
"mousemove" at the start location and then one final one at the end
location.
Arguments:
·
pixels - the number of pixels between
"mousemove" events
Set execution speed (i.e., set the millisecond length of a delay
which will follow each selenium operation). By default, there is no such delay,
i.e., the delay is 0 milliseconds.
Arguments:
·
value - the number of milliseconds to
pause after operation
Specifies the amount of time that Selenium will wait for actions
to complete.
Actions that require waiting include
"open" and the "waitFor*" actions.
The default timeout is 30 seconds.
Arguments:
·
timeout - a timeout in milliseconds,
after which the action will return with an error
Press the shift key and hold it down until doShiftUp() is called
or a new page is loaded.
Release the shift key.
This command is a synonym for storeExpression.
Arguments:
·
expression - the value to store
Submit the specified form. This is particularly useful for forms
without submit buttons, e.g. single-input "Search" forms.
Arguments:
Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in.
Can also be used to set the value of
combo boxes, check boxes, etc. In these cases, value should be the value of the
option selected, not the visible text.
Arguments:
·
value - the value to type
Simulates keystroke events on the specified element, as though you
typed the value key-by-key.
This is a convenience method for
calling keyDown, keyUp, keyPress for every character in the specified string;
this is useful for dynamic UI widgets (like auto-completing combo boxes) that
require explicit key events.
Unlike the simple "type"
command, which forces the specified value into the page directly, this command
may or may not have any visible effect, even in cases where typing keys would
normally have a visible effect. For example, if you use "typeKeys" on
a form element, you may or may not see the results of what you typed in the
field.
In some cases, you may need to use the
simple "type" command to set the value of the field and then the
"typeKeys" command to send the keystroke events corresponding to what
you just typed.
Arguments:
·
value - the value to type
Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
Arguments:
Allows choice of one of the available libraries.
Arguments:
·
libraryName - name of the desired
library Only the following three can be chosen:
o
"ajaxslt" - Google's library
o
"javascript-xpath" - Cybozu
Labs' faster library
o
"default" - The default
library. Currently the default library is "ajaxslt" .
If libraryName isn't one of these
three, then no change will be made.
Runs the specified JavaScript snippet repeatedly until it
evaluates to "true". The snippet may have multiple lines, but only
the result of the last line will be considered.
Note that, by default, the snippet
will be run in the runner's test window, not in the window of your application.
To get the window of your application, you can use the JavaScript snippet selenium.browserbot.getCurrentWindow(),
and then run your JavaScript in there
Arguments:
·
script - the JavaScript snippet to run
·
timeout - a timeout in milliseconds,
after which this command will return with an error
Waits for a new frame to load.
Selenium constantly keeps track of new
pages and frames loading, and sets a "newPageLoaded" flag when it
first notices a page load.
See waitForPageToLoad for more information.
Arguments:
·
frameAddress - FrameAddress from the
server side
·
timeout - a timeout in milliseconds,
after which this command will return with an error
Waits for a new page to load.
You can use this command instead of
the "AndWait" suffixes, "clickAndWait",
"selectAndWait", "typeAndWait" etc. (which are only
available in the JS API).
Selenium constantly keeps track of new
pages loading, and sets a "newPageLoaded" flag when it first notices
a page load. Running any other Selenium command after turns the flag to false.
Hence, if you want to wait for a page to load, you must wait immediately after
a Selenium command that caused a page-load.
Arguments:
·
timeout - a timeout in milliseconds,
after which this command will return with an error
Waits for a popup window to appear and load up.
Arguments:
·
windowID - the JavaScript window
"name" of the window that will appear (not the text of the title bar)
If unspecified, or specified as "null", this command will wait for
the first non-top window to appear (don't rely on this if you are working with
multiple popups simultaneously).
·
timeout - a timeout in milliseconds,
after which the action will return with an error. If this value is not specified,
the default Selenium timeout will be used. See the setTimeout() command.
Gives focus to the currently selected window
Resize currently selected window to take up the entire screen
Tell Selenium to expect an error on the next command execution.
Arguments:
·
message - The error message we should
expect. This command will fail if the wrong error message appears.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertNotErrorOnNext ( message )
·
verifyErrorOnNext ( message )
·
verifyNotErrorOnNext ( message )
·
waitForErrorOnNext ( message )
·
waitForNotErrorOnNext ( message )
Tell Selenium to expect a failure on the next command execution.
Arguments:
·
message - The failure message we
should expect. This command will fail if the wrong failure message appears.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertNotFailureOnNext ( message )
·
verifyFailureOnNext ( message )
·
verifyNotFailureOnNext ( message )
·
waitForFailureOnNext ( message )
·
waitForNotFailureOnNext ( message )
Verifies that the selected option of a drop-down satisfies the
optionSpecifier. Note that this command is deprecated; you should use
assertSelectedLabel, assertSelectedValue, assertSelectedIndex, or
assertSelectedId instead.
See the select command for more
information about option locators.
Arguments:
·
optionLocator - an option locator,
typically just an option label (e.g. "John Smith")
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertNotSelected ( selectLocator, optionLocator
)
·
verifySelected ( selectLocator,
optionLocator )
·
verifyNotSelected ( selectLocator,
optionLocator )
·
waitForSelected ( selectLocator,
optionLocator )
·
waitForNotSelected ( selectLocator,
optionLocator )
Retrieves the message of a JavaScript alert generated during the
previous action, or fail if there were no alerts.
Getting an alert has the same effect
as manually clicking OK. If an alert is generated but you do not consume it
with getAlert, the next Selenium action will fail.
Under Selenium, JavaScript alerts will
NOT pop up a visible alert dialog.
Selenium does NOT support JavaScript
alerts that are generated in a page's onload() event handler. In this case a
visible dialog WILL be generated and Selenium will hang until someone manually
clicks OK.
Returns:
The message of the most recent JavaScript alert
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the IDs of all buttons on the page.
If a given button has no ID, it will
appear as "" in this array.
Returns:
the IDs of all buttons on the page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the IDs of all input fields on the page.
If a given field has no ID, it will
appear as "" in this array.
Returns:
the IDs of all field on the page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the IDs of all links on the page.
If a given link has no ID, it will
appear as "" in this array.
Returns:
the IDs of all links on the page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the IDs of all windows that the browser knows about in an
array.
Returns:
Array of identifiers of all windows that the browser knows about.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the names of all windows that the browser knows about in
an array.
Returns:
Array of names of all windows that the browser knows about.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the titles of all windows that the browser knows about in
an array.
Returns:
Array of titles of all windows that the browser knows about.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the value of an element attribute. The value of the attribute
may differ across browsers (this is the case for the "style"
attribute, for example).
Arguments:
·
attributeLocator - an element locator
followed by an @ sign and then the name of the attribute, e.g.
"foo@bar"
Returns:
the value of the specified attribute
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns an array of JavaScript property values from all known
windows having one.
Arguments:
·
attributeName - name of an attribute
on the windows
Returns:
the set of values of this attribute from all known windows.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the entire text of the page.
Returns:
the entire text of the page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the message of a JavaScript confirmation dialog
generated during the previous action.
By default, the confirm function will
return true, having the same effect as manually clicking OK. This can be
changed by prior execution of the chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation command.
If an confirmation is generated but
you do not consume it with getConfirmation, the next Selenium action will fail.
NOTE: under Selenium, JavaScript
confirmations will NOT pop up a visible dialog.
NOTE: Selenium does NOT support
JavaScript confirmations that are generated in a page's onload() event handler.
In this case a visible dialog WILL be generated and Selenium will hang until
you manually click OK.
Returns:
the message of the most recent JavaScript confirmation dialog
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Return all cookies of the current page under test.
Returns:
all cookies of the current page under test
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the value of the cookie with the specified name, or throws
an error if the cookie is not present.
Arguments:
·
name - the name of the cookie
Returns:
the value of the cookie
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the text cursor position in the given input element or
textarea; beware, this may not work perfectly on all browsers.
Specifically, if the cursor/selection
has been cleared by JavaScript, this command will tend to return the position
of the last location of the cursor, even though the cursor is now gone from the
page. This is filed as SEL-243.
This method will fail if the specified element isn't an input
element or textarea, or there is no cursor in the element.
Arguments:
Returns:
the numerical position of the cursor in the field
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the height of an element
Arguments:
Returns:
height of an element in pixels
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Get the relative index of an element to its parent (starting from
0). The comment node and empty text node will be ignored.
Arguments:
Returns:
of relative index of the element to its parent (starting from 0)
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the horizontal position of an element
Arguments:
Returns:
of pixels from the edge of the frame.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the vertical position of an element
Arguments:
Returns:
of pixels from the edge of the frame.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the width of an element
Arguments:
Returns:
width of an element in pixels
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript snippet.
The snippet may have multiple lines, but only the result of the last line will
be returned.
Note that, by default, the snippet
will run in the context of the "selenium" object itself, so this will
refer to the Selenium object. Use window to refer to the window of your
application, e.g. window.document.getElementById('foo')
If you need to use a locator to refer
to a single element in your application page, you can use this.browserbot.findElement("id=foo")
where "id=foo" is your locator.
Arguments:
·
script - the JavaScript snippet to run
Returns:
the results of evaluating the snippet
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the specified expression.
This is useful because of JavaScript
preprocessing. It is used to generate commands like assertExpression and
waitForExpression.
Arguments:
·
expression - the value to return
Returns:
the value passed in
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the entire HTML source between the opening and closing
"html" tags.
Returns:
the entire HTML source
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the absolute URL of the current page.
Returns:
the absolute URL of the current page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Returns the number of pixels between "mousemove" events during
dragAndDrop commands (default=10).
Returns:
the number of pixels between "mousemove" events during
dragAndDrop commands (default=10)
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Retrieves the message of a JavaScript question prompt dialog
generated during the previous action.
Successful handling of the prompt
requires prior execution of the answerOnNextPrompt command. If a prompt is
generated but you do not get/verify it, the next Selenium action will fail.
NOTE: under Selenium, JavaScript
prompts will NOT pop up a visible dialog.
NOTE: Selenium does NOT support
JavaScript prompts that are generated in a page's onload() event handler. In
this case a visible dialog WILL be generated and Selenium will hang until
someone manually clicks OK.
Returns:
the message of the most recent JavaScript question prompt
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets option element ID for selected option in the specified select
element.
Arguments:
Returns:
the selected option ID in the specified select drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets all option element IDs for selected options in the specified
select or multi-select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
an array of all selected option IDs in the specified select
drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets option index (option number, starting at 0) for selected
option in the specified select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
the selected option index in the specified select drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets all option indexes (option number, starting at 0) for
selected options in the specified select or multi-select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
an array of all selected option indexes in the specified select
drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets option label (visible text) for selected option in the
specified select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
the selected option label in the specified select drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets all option labels (visible text) for selected options in the
specified select or multi-select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
an array of all selected option labels in the specified select
drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets option value (value attribute) for selected option in the
specified select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
the selected option value in the specified select drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets all option values (value attributes) for selected options in
the specified select or multi-select element.
Arguments:
Returns:
an array of all selected option values in the specified select
drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets all option labels in the specified select drop-down.
Arguments:
Returns:
an array of all option labels in the specified select drop-down
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Get execution speed (i.e., get the millisecond length of the delay
following each selenium operation). By default, there is no such delay, i.e.,
the delay is 0 milliseconds. See also setSpeed.
Returns:
the execution speed in milliseconds.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the text from a cell of a table. The cellAddress syntax
tableLocator.row.column, where row and column start at 0.
Arguments:
·
tableCellAddress - a cell address,
e.g. "foo.1.4"
Returns:
the text from the specified cell
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the text of an element. This works for any element that
contains text. This command uses either the textContent (Mozilla-like browsers)
or the innerText (IE-like browsers) of the element, which is the rendered text
shown to the user.
Arguments:
Returns:
the text of the element
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the title of the current page.
Returns:
the title of the current page
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Gets the (whitespace-trimmed) value of an input field (or anything
else with a value parameter). For checkbox/radio elements, the value will be
"on" or "off" depending on whether the element is checked
or not.
Arguments:
Returns:
the element value, or "on/off" for checkbox/radio
elements
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Determine whether current/locator identify the frame containing
this running code.
This is useful in proxy injection
mode, where this code runs in every browser frame and window, and sometimes the
selenium server needs to identify the "current" frame. In this case,
when the test calls selectFrame, this routine is called for each frame to
figure out which one has been selected. The selected frame will return true,
while all others will return false.
Arguments:
·
currentFrameString - starting frame
·
target - new frame (which might be
relative to the current one)
Returns:
true if the new frame is this code's window
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
·
assertNotWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
·
verifyWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
·
verifyNotWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
·
waitForWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
·
waitForNotWhetherThisFrameMatchFrameExpression
( currentFrameString, target )
Determine whether currentWindowString plus target identify the
window containing this running code.
This is useful in proxy injection
mode, where this code runs in every browser frame and window, and sometimes the
selenium server needs to identify the "current" window. In this case,
when the test calls selectWindow, this routine is called for each window to
figure out which one has been selected. The selected window will return true,
while all others will return false.
Arguments:
·
currentWindowString - starting window
·
target - new window (which might be
relative to the current one, e.g., "_parent")
Returns:
true if the new window is this code's window
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
·
assertNotWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
·
verifyWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
·
verifyNotWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
·
waitForWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
·
waitForNotWhetherThisWindowMatchWindowExpression
( currentWindowString, target )
Returns the number of nodes that match the specified xpath, eg.
"//table" would give the number of tables.
Arguments:
·
xpath - the xpath expression to
evaluate. do NOT wrap this expression in a 'count()' function; we will do that
for you.
Returns:
the number of nodes that match the specified xpath
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
Has an alert occurred?
This function never throws an
exception
Returns:
true if there is an alert
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertAlertPresent ( )
·
assertAlertNotPresent ( )
·
verifyAlertPresent ( )
·
verifyAlertNotPresent ( )
·
waitForAlertPresent ( )
·
waitForAlertNotPresent ( )
Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked. Fails if
the specified element doesn't exist or isn't a toggle-button.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if the checkbox is checked, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertChecked ( locator )
·
assertNotChecked ( locator )
·
verifyChecked ( locator )
·
verifyNotChecked ( locator )
·
waitForChecked ( locator )
·
waitForNotChecked ( locator )
Has confirm() been called?
This function never throws an
exception
Returns:
true if there is a pending confirmation
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertConfirmationPresent ( )
·
assertConfirmationNotPresent ( )
·
verifyConfirmationPresent ( )
·
verifyConfirmationNotPresent ( )
·
waitForConfirmationPresent ( )
·
waitForConfirmationNotPresent ( )
Returns true if a cookie with the specified name is present, or
false otherwise.
Arguments:
·
name - the name of the cookie
Returns:
true if a cookie with the specified name is present, or false
otherwise.
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertCookiePresent ( name )
·
assertCookieNotPresent ( name )
·
verifyCookiePresent ( name )
·
verifyCookieNotPresent ( name )
·
waitForCookiePresent ( name )
·
waitForCookieNotPresent ( name )
Determines whether the specified input element is editable, ie
hasn't been disabled. This method will fail if the specified element isn't an
input element.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if the input element is editable, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertEditable ( locator )
·
assertNotEditable ( locator )
·
verifyEditable ( locator )
·
verifyNotEditable ( locator )
·
waitForEditable ( locator )
·
waitForNotEditable ( locator )
Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if the element is present, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertElementPresent ( locator )
·
assertElementNotPresent ( locator )
·
verifyElementPresent ( locator )
·
verifyElementNotPresent ( locator )
·
waitForElementPresent ( locator )
·
waitForElementNotPresent ( locator )
Check if these two elements have same parent and are ordered siblings
in the DOM. Two same elements will not be considered ordered.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if element1 is the previous sibling of element2, false
otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertOrdered ( locator1, locator2 )
·
assertNotOrdered ( locator1, locator2
)
·
verifyOrdered ( locator1, locator2 )
·
verifyNotOrdered ( locator1, locator2
)
·
waitForOrdered ( locator1, locator2 )
·
waitForNotOrdered ( locator1, locator2
)
Has a prompt occurred?
This function never throws an
exception
Returns:
true if there is a pending prompt
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertPromptPresent ( )
·
assertPromptNotPresent ( )
·
verifyPromptPresent ( )
·
verifyPromptNotPresent ( )
·
waitForPromptPresent ( )
·
waitForPromptNotPresent ( )
Determines whether some option in a drop-down menu is selected.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if some option has been selected, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertSomethingSelected (
selectLocator )
·
assertNotSomethingSelected (
selectLocator )
·
verifySomethingSelected (
selectLocator )
·
verifyNotSomethingSelected (
selectLocator )
·
waitForSomethingSelected ( selectLocator
)
·
waitForNotSomethingSelected (
selectLocator )
Verifies that the specified text pattern appears somewhere on the
rendered page shown to the user.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if the pattern matches the text, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertTextPresent ( pattern )
·
assertTextNotPresent ( pattern )
·
verifyTextPresent ( pattern )
·
verifyTextNotPresent ( pattern )
·
waitForTextPresent ( pattern )
·
waitForTextNotPresent ( pattern )
Determines if the specified element is visible. An element can be
rendered invisible by setting the CSS "visibility" property to
"hidden", or the "display" property to "none",
either for the element itself or one if its ancestors. This method will fail if
the element is not present.
Arguments:
Returns:
true if the specified element is visible, false otherwise
Related Assertions, automatically
generated:
·
assertVisible ( locator )
·
assertNotVisible ( locator )
·
verifyVisible ( locator )
·
verifyNotVisible ( locator )
·
waitForVisible ( locator )
·
waitForNotVisible ( locator )
All Selenium command parameters can be
constructed using both simple variable substitution as well as full javascript.
Both of these mechanisms can access previously stored variables, but do so
using different syntax.
The commands store, storeValue
and storeText can be used to store a variable value for later access.
Internally, these variables are stored in a map called "storedVars",
with values keyed by the variable name. These commands are documented in the
command reference.
Variable substitution
Variable substitution provides a
simple way to include a previously stored variable in a command parameter. This
is a simple mechanism, by which the variable to substitute is indicated by
${variableName}. Multiple variables can be substituted, and intermixed with
static text.
Example:
|
store
|
Mr
|
title
|
|
storeValue
|
nameField
|
surname
|
|
store
|
${title} ${surname}
|
fullname
|
|
type
|
textElement
|
Full name is: ${fullname}
|
Javascript evaluation
Javascript evaluation provides the
full power of javascript in constructing a command parameter. To use this
mechanism, the entire parameter value must be prefixed by 'javascript{'
with a trailing '}'. The text inside the braces is evaluated as a javascript
expression, and can access previously stored variables using the storedVars
map detailed above. Note that variable substitution cannot be combined with
javascript evaluation.
Example:
|
store
|
javascript{'merchant' + (new
Date()).getTime()}
|
merchantId
|
|
type
|
textElement
|
javascript{storedVars['merchantId'].toUpperCase()}
|
HTML automatically normalizes
whitespace within elements, ignoring leading/trailing spaces and converting
extra spaces, tabs and newlines into a single space. When Selenium reads text
out of the page, it attempts to duplicate this behavior, so you can ignore all
the tabs and newlines in your HTML and do assertions based on how the text
looks in the browser when rendered. We do this by replacing all non-visible
whitespace (including the non-breaking space " ") with a
single space. All visible newlines (<br>, <p>, and
<pre>formatted newlines) should be preserved.
We use the same normalization logic on
the text of HTML Selenese test case tables. This has a number of advantages.
First, you don't need to look at the HTML source of the page to figure out what
your assertions should be; " " symbols are invisible to the
end user, and so you shouldn't have to worry about them when writing Selenese
tests. (You don't need to put " " markers in your test case
to assertText on a field that contains " ".) You may also
put extra newlines and spaces in your Selenese <td> tags; since we use
the same normalization logic on the test case as we do on the text, we can
ensure that assertions and the extracted text will match exactly.
This creates a bit of a problem on
those rare occasions when you really want/need to insert extra whitespace in
your test case. For example, you may need to type text in a field like this:
"foo ". But if you simply write <td>foo </td>
in your Selenese test case, we'll replace your extra spaces with just one
space.
This problem has a simple workaround.
We've defined a variable in Selenese, ${space}, whose value is a single space.
You can use ${space} to insert a space that won't be automatically trimmed,
like this: <td>foo${space}${space}${space}</td>. We've also
included a variable ${nbsp}, that you can use to insert a non-breaking space.
Note that XPaths do not
normalize whitespace the way we do. If you need to write an XPath like
//div[text()="hello world"] but the HTML of the link is really
"hello world", you'll need to insert a real
" " into your Selenese test case to get it to match, like
this: //div[text()="hello${nbsp}world"].
It can be quite simple to extend
Selenium, adding your own actions, assertions and locator-strategies. This is
done with javascript by adding methods to the Selenium object prototype, and
the PageBot object prototype. On startup, Selenium will automatically look
through methods on these prototypes, using name patterns to recognise which
ones are actions, assertions and locators.
The following examples try to give an
indication of how Selenium can be extended with javascript.
Actions
All doFoo methods on the
Selenium prototype are added as actions. For each action foo there is
also an action fooAndWait registered. An action method can take up to 2
parameters, which will be passed the second and third column values in the
test.
Example: Add a
"typeRepeated" action to Selenium, which types the text twice into a
text box.
Selenium.prototype.doTypeRepeated
= function(locator, text) {
// All locator-strategies are automatically
handled by "findElement"
var element =
this.page().findElement(locator);
// Create the text to type
var valueToType = text + text;
// Replace the element text with the new
text
this.page().replaceText(element,
valueToType);
};
Accessors/Assertions
All getFoo and isFoo
methods on the Selenium prototype are added as accessors (storeFoo). For each
accessor there is an assertFoo, verifyFoo and waitForFoo
registered. An assert method can take up to 2 parameters, which will be passed
the second and third column values in the test. You can also define your own
assertions literally as simple "assert" methods, which will also
auto-generate "verify" and "waitFor" commands.
Example: Add a valueRepeated
assertion, that makes sure that the element value consists of the supplied text
repeated. The 2 commands that would be available in tests would be assertValueRepeated
and verifyValueRepeated.
Selenium.prototype.assertValueRepeated
= function(locator, text) {
// All locator-strategies are automatically
handled by "findElement"
var element =
this.page().findElement(locator);
// Create the text to verify
var expectedValue = text + text;
// Get the actual element value
var actualValue = element.value;
// Make sure the actual value matches the
expected
Assert.matches(expectedValue, actualValue);
};
Automatic availability of storeFoo,
assertFoo, assertNotFoo, waitForFoo and waitForNotFoo for every getFoo
All getFoo and isFoo
methods on the Selenium prototype automatically result in the availability of
storeFoo, assertFoo, assertNotFoo, verifyFoo, verifyNotFoo, waitForFoo, and
waitForNotFoo commands.
Example, if you add a getTextLength()
method, the following commands will automatically be available:
storeTextLength, assertTextLength, assertNotTextLength, verifyTextLength,
verifyNotTextLength, waitForTextLength, and waitForNotTextLength commands.
Selenium.prototype.getTextLength
= function(locator, text) {
return this.getText(locator).length;
};
Also note that the assertValueRepeated
method described above could have been implemented using isValueRepeated, with
the added benefit of also automatically getting assertNotValueRepeated,
storeValueRepeated, waitForValueRepeated and waitForNotValueRepeated.
Locator Strategies
All locateElementByFoo methods
on the PageBot prototype are added as locator-strategies. A locator strategy
takes 2 parameters, the first being the locator string (minus the prefix), and
the second being the document in which to search.
Example: Add a
"valuerepeated=" locator, that finds the first element a value
attribute equal to the the supplied value repeated.
// The
"inDocument" is a the document you are searching.
PageBot.prototype.locateElementByValueRepeated
= function(text, inDocument) {
// Create the text to search for
var expectedValue = text + text;
// Loop through all elements, looking for
ones that have
// a value === our expected value
var allElements =
inDocument.getElementsByTagName("*");
for (var i = 0; i < allElements.length;
i++) {
var testElement = allElements[i];
if (testElement.value &&
testElement.value === expectedValue) {
return testElement;
}
}
return null;
};
user-extensions.js
By default, Selenium looks for a file
called "user-extensions.js", and loads the javascript code found in
that file. This file provides a convenient location for adding features to
Selenium, without needing to modify the core Selenium sources.
In the standard distibution, this file
does not exist. Users can create this file and place their extension code in
this common location, removing the need to modify the Selenium sources, and
hopefully assisting with the upgrade process.
No comments:
Post a Comment